当代西方叙事理论中的世界隐喻研究(7)
② 叙事研究领域,目前能够追溯到的最早使用“虚构世界”术语的文献是Thomas Pavel于1981年发表的文章“Ontological Issues in Poetics”, 167-78。
③ 并非所有的研究者都这样认为,例如Eco认为“虚构世界”就是“可能世界”,Ryan也认为“可能世界”和“虚构世界”没有本质区别,在她的文章中“可能世界”和“虚构世界”常常可以互换使用。
④ Plantinga对Kripke早期的“可能世界”理论模式相当不满,认为那一模式为虚构事物留下一席之地,他写道:“非存在物体这个问题怎么又昂起丑陋的头颅?”此君对虚构的态度于此已是一览无遗。参阅Alvin Plantinga, 139-60。
⑤ 纽约州立大学布法罗分校的语用学家Erwin M. Segal在1995年也曾使用过“故事世界”,但其内涵与“虚构世界”差别不大,在学术界产生的影响也不够明显。开始连贯使用“故事世界”,使其成为叙事研究主要术语的还是David Herman。参阅Erwin M. Segal, 61-78。
⑥ Remigius Bunia对“麦克白夫人有几个孩子”这个问题有详细回应,参阅Remigius Bunia, 679-720。
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